徐天奎 发表于 2009-10-2 22:46

例文 徐树铮

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">(1880年11月11日-1925年12月29日),字又铮、幼铮,号铁珊,自号则林,汉族,安徽萧县醴泉村(原属江苏省萧县)人,北洋军阀皖系将领,陆军上将、威远将军。著有《建国诠真》。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">人生简介<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  年少聪颖,精书法,擅诗词古文,酷爱昆曲,从政后仍手不释卷,青少年时期只跟着自己的父亲徐忠清(葵南)学习。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  1905年被保送日本士官学校,毕业后回国任段祺瑞部第六镇军事参议及第一军总参谋。1912年任陆军部军学处处长等职。袁世凯称帝时,力劝段抵制,被袁免职。1916年袁死后,任国务院秘书长。1917年策动张勋赶走黎元洪,事后又参与讨平张勋的军事行动,任陆军部次长。积极主张武力统一全国。1917年,俄国发生</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">十月革命</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,徐树铮把目光投向了长期分裂的外蒙古,将其收复。1920年直皖大战后,皖系失败,徐树铮遭通缉,被列为安福政治集团的中心人物。后在日本人帮助下逃到上海避难。后又在江浙战争中出任淞沪联军司令,失败后流亡欧洲。1925年段祺瑞再度执政,召徐树铮回国,12月29日深夜(有说是30日午夜0时多)在河北廊坊火车站被冯玉祥部下枪杀,英年早逝!<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">收复外蒙古<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  1911年辛亥革命爆发,推翻了延续二千多年的封建统治,建立了民主共和的中华民国。但是,自古就是中华领土的外蒙古却在沙俄的威逼利诱和极少数卖国王公的唆使下,宣布独立,脱离祖国。孙中山、徐树铮等对此都表示强烈的愤怒!尽管后来经过全国人民的共同努力,外蒙古取消了独立,实行</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">自治</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,但中国在外蒙的主权几乎丧失殆尽,外蒙已沦为沙俄的殖民地!这是中国人民及中国北京和南方政府所不能容忍的。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">十月革命</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">一声炮响,不但给中国送来了马列主义,也把外蒙古送回到了中国面前。当时,中国正参加第一次世界大战之对德战争。徐被段任命为参战处参谋长兼西北国防筹备处处长。徐从日本借款和武器,编练参战军。1919年,德国战败,参战军被改为西北边防军,徐树铮任西北筹边使兼西北边防军总司令,为彻底解决外蒙问题作准备。由于俄国发生</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">十月革命</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">而全境赤化,以哲布尊丹巴为首的外蒙王公贵族失去了靠山,又害怕俄国的赤化运动波及外蒙古,因此决定回归中华祖国以维护自身利益。于是,北京政府驻库伦(今乌兰巴托)都护使陈毅总督与外蒙王公经过艰苦的谈判,终于达成了《改善蒙古未来地位六十四条》,但立即遭到了外蒙</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">议会</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">的否决。这使北京政府意识到必须加快速度解决蒙古问题。1919年10月,37岁的徐树铮率领一旅边防军,挥师出塞,向库伦进发。徐树铮一到库伦,立即让陈毅回内地,也否定了《六十四条》。他把外蒙古伪政权的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">内阁总理</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">巴德玛多尔济</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">请</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">到了自己的司令部,并将其他王公及哲布尊丹巴活佛加以软禁。在威风凛凛的祖国军队面前,外蒙古伪政权的高官们顿时没了威风。1919年11月17日,历史永远记住这一天,外蒙古正式上书中华民国总统,呈请取消</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">自治</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,废除中俄</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">蒙</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">一切条约、协定,回到中华民国怀抱!同时为保卫国家主权和领土完整,徐树铮将军队派驻外蒙各地,如买卖城(今恰克图),乌里雅苏台、科布多、唐努乌梁海,完成了对外蒙古的统一!尤其是唐努乌梁海,被沙俄侵占达七年之久,终于回到祖国怀抱,这也是徐树铮一项伟大而短暂的功绩! <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐树铮最难能可贵之处,是收复外蒙后回北京述职时,不但向大总统汇报,还向在上海的孙中山先生去电汇报。孙中山收到来电后异常喜悦,立即不顾国民党内某些人的反对,回电对徐树铮收复外蒙予以很高的评价!1919年,尽管有巴黎和会的阴影,但外蒙古及唐努乌梁海的回归祖国,应是当年中国人民最喜庆的大事! <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  外蒙古及唐努乌梁海很快又失去了!这里有多方面的原因:一是内地军阀的可耻混战,徐树铮被迫离开外蒙,造成国防空虚。二是外蒙境内本身的混乱。在外蒙这块土地上,不但有中国的军队,还有蒙匪和白俄的匪帮并没有来得及完全清除,蒙古人民革命党也开始活动;徐树铮过度采用军事手段,未得外蒙民心,外蒙还有许多人在为重新</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">独立</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">蠢蠢欲动。三是苏俄干涉和长期以来侵占我外蒙古和唐努乌梁海的野心不死,使得外蒙古革命党再次在苏俄的卵翼下宣布</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">独立</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,而苏俄更赤裸裸地将唐努乌梁海加以霸占! <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐树铮在外蒙古做了许多有益于蒙古的事,如引种蔬菜、修建公路、开办银行、创刊日报、加强中华文化教育等。在离开外蒙而外蒙又再次分裂的日子里,他与孙中山先生建立了深厚的友谊,并积极促成南北和解。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">人物评价<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐树铮是段祺瑞的灵魂,跟随段25年,忠贞不渝,有极强才干,但锋芒毕露,过于骄狂,胆大敢干,树敌太多。官场之外的徐树铮,一点儿飞扬跋扈的样子也没有。他和上级、平级的关系都很难搞好,和下属在一起时却不拘形迹。他大才在胸,平时谈吐时雅时俗,只看分什么场合。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐最大的功绩就是收复蒙古草原,虽然最终蒙古还是独立出大中华版图.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  另外,徐于1914年创建的成达中学,现为北京市首都师范大学附属中学,北洋政府教育总长傅曾湘、交通总长叶公绰、财政总长吴鼎昌以及周作人、朱光潜、焦菊隐、齐思和等,均曾担任过学校董事长或校长。首都师大附中现为北京市重点中学。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">妻、子状况<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  一妻四妾:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  发妻夏红筠(又叫夏宣,1955年在苏州倪家花园病故),小妾沈定兰,沈定兰之妹沈淑佩,王慧珵以及原来是娼妓的平芳春。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  子女十人:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  长子徐审义(又名徐审宪),次子徐审武(1903年生,五岁时夭折于日本),三子徐审交(字道邻),四子更生(五岁时夭折),长女徐樱环(又叫徐樱)、次女徐书环(五岁时夭折)均为妻子夏宣所生。王慧珵生徐美、四女徐慧(五岁时夭折),沈佩兰生徐佩、徐兰。第三代第四代如今大多生活在海外。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  长子徐审义最似乃父的是他酷爱昆曲,晚年住苏州,以度曲自娱,别号</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">百曲楼主</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。1960年至1963年参加苏州戏曲研究室的剧目整理工作,有《昆曲常用曲牌分析》等著作,1968年病死于苏州。 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  三子徐道邻1906年生,后考入德国柏林大学,获法学博士学位。1932年回国,1945年官至行政院政务处长,后辞职从教,先后任同济大学,台湾大学教授。1962年赴美,先后在西雅图华盛顿州立大学、纽约哥伦比亚大学、密歇根州大学任教,1973年的圣诞夜,68岁的徐道邻因心脏病突发死于美国西雅图市。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  长女徐樱1910年生,1932年嫁给国际著名语言学家李方桂。1993年,83岁的徐樱在美国加利弗尼亚州遇车祸身亡。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  三女徐美1924年生。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  **徐兰1924年生,1945年嫁给陆宗舆之子陆仲宣。陆宗舆曾任北洋政府财政部次长,因与日本谈判,签定丧权辱国的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">二十一条</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">而在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">五四运动</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">中和曹汝霖、章宗祥一起被学生穷追猛打。徐兰1948年死于白血病。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  第三代:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐审义有二男一女,二男为徐福申(长孙,1924年生)、徐福宜,已知徐福宜后来在台湾</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">教育部</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">任职。徐道邻先娶德籍女子舒碧君,生女徐小虎、徐小玉,男徐小瑞。离异后继娶叶妙暎,叶是徐道邻的学生,获法学学士、数学硕士,生男徐小珂、女徐小瑜。徐樱生女李林德、李安德,男李培德。现在仅知,徐小虎居英国,李林德在加州大学。至于其他事、其他人,暂无资料。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐树铮诗词:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐树铮留下来的诗大约200首,词60首。下面是他去收复外蒙时,在库仑写下的一首《念奴娇·笳》:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  念奴娇·笳<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  砉然长啸,带边气,孤奏荒茫无拍。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  坐起徘徊,声过处,愁数南冠晨夕。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  夜月吹寒,疏风破晓,断梦休重觅。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  雄鸡遥动,此时天下将白。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  遥想中夜哀歌,唾壶敲缺,剩怨填胸臆。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  空外流音,才睡浓,胡遽乌乌惊逼。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  商妇琵琶,阳陶觱篥,万感真横集。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  琱戈推枕,问君今日何日?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>

[ 本帖最后由 徐天奎 于 2009-10-2 22:49 编辑 ]

徐天奎 发表于 2009-10-2 22:51

例文 徐谦


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">徐谦(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1871-1940</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">),安徽歙县人。清光绪二十九年(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1903</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">)登进士,后入翰林院任编修。辛亥革命后,他参与组织并领导国民共进会,投身于反对袁世凯独裁专制的斗争。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1912</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月,他作为国民共进会的主要代表,参与同盟会、统一共和党、国民共进会、共和实进会和国民公党的多次会晤,反复磋商合并为统一政党的事宜。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">日,上述五个政治团体正式改组为国民党,并在北京召开成立大会,他当选为党部参议。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1913</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">日,国民党代理理事长宋教仁被袁世凯杀害于上海沪宁车站。顿时,举国震惊,二次革命爆发。徐谦在《民权报》发表《布告国民》,控诉袁世凯的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">条罪状,指出宋教仁被刺一案,已足以证明袁世凯所把持的政府,是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">无恶不作之政府</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">民国根本,共和基础,已为万恶无道之民贼破坏以尽。吾民国再不能姑息养奸。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">号召全体国民同仇敌忾,排除袁世凯的独裁专制。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  二次革命失败后,他秘密潜回上海,终日苦闷忧郁,常常喟然长叹:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">手中没有倒袁的刀!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">其兄劝他皈依上帝,他愀然作答:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">祈祷上帝,若如袁即死,我则百拜而不悔。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">袁世凯命归黄泉后,中国的共和政体之路,依然是步履维艰。为此,孙中山倡导护法运动,他积极响应,毅然南下广州,来到孙中山身旁。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1917</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">日,国会非常会议在广州召开,孙中山当选为中华民国军政府大元帅,他为大元帅府秘书长。次年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月,孙中山受旧桂系军阀排挤,大元帅制改为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">七总裁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">合议制。孙中山委派他为全权代表参加政务会议。他凭着聪明才智,斡旋于新旧势力之间,敦促军政府坚持护法态度,反对与北京政府议和。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1921</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月,孙中山在广州任非常大总统。徐谦先后被任命为司法部总长、最高法院院长、大理院院长等,参与制定和推行一系列改革吏治和保障人民权利的法令、措施,如颁布工会法,承认劳动者有集会结社、同盟罢工的权利。孙中山在讨伐陈炯明时,他被委派为驻沪全权代表,负责办理和平统一事宜,成为孙中山的重要骨干。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  中国国民党第一次代表大会后,北伐革命掀起高潮。他最早看出冯玉祥倾向革命、倒戈直系的进步性,在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1920</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月,他便与冯玉祥多次接触。冯玉祥在回忆录中说:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">革命期间,徐季龙先生奉孙中山先生之命,常常住在我们军中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">多次和我商洽反直大计</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">我一面由于内发要求的驱使,一面为了各位朋友的有形和无形的鼓动,誓必相机推倒曹、吴,缩短这一祸国殃民的战争。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">北京政变后,他和李大钊特意安排苏联驻华大使加拉罕与冯玉祥会晤,有意识地让孙中山的政治顾问鲍罗廷视察冯玉祥部,促成苏联顾问团向冯部派遣军事和政治顾问。他还帮助冯玉祥创办军事学校,收容因参加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">五卅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">运动而被开除的大中学生,并挑选其中的优秀人才,建立国民军政治部。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1926</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月,在中国国民党第二次代表大会上,他当选为中央执行委员兼国民党北京执行部主任。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">日,日本军舰炮击驻天津的冯玉祥的国民军,以掩护奉系部队在大沽口登陆,进而占领北京。国民军愤而反击,日军阴谋未能得逞。于是,日本联合英、美等国公使,向北洋军阀政府提出撤除津沽防务的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">最后通牒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">。在北京的国共两党负责人闻讯后,立即开会商讨对策。他以国民党代表的身份同李大钊领导的中共北方区委决定,由国民党北京执行部牵头,于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">日在天安门召开各界人士参加的国民大会,反对日、英、美等国的最后通牒。这天上午,北京学生和民众十余万人潮水般地涌向天安门广场,徐谦任大会主席团主席,并发表慷慨激昂的演说。会后,群众赴执政府请愿,遭军警枪击,死</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">47</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">人,伤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">200</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">余人,他和李大钊等受通缉,是为鲁迅所称的民国以来最黑暗的一天。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  为暂避风头,他接受苏联顾问的建议,陪同冯玉祥考察苏联。旅苏期间,他对改组后的国民党充满信心,并力劝冯玉祥加入国民党。从苏联回来后,冯玉祥便在绥远五原誓师,宣布国民军全部加入国民党,参加国民革命。北伐革命节节胜利,使蒋介石居功自傲,挟权自重,显露出以军治党的倾向,为遏制刚刚抬头的军事专制的趋势,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1926</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">日,徐谦、宋庆龄、陈友仁和苏联顾问鲍罗廷举行联席会议,决定在中央党部与国民政府未迁来武汉前,成立党政临时最高权力机构,即国民党中央执行委员会暨国民政府委员临时联席会议,徐谦为主席。次年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">日,蒋介石自恃军事实力,非法决定中央党部与国民政府暂驻南昌,以实行他的以军治党、以军治政的政治企图。徐谦和宋庆龄等强烈谴责蒋介石另立中央、分裂国民政府的行为,要求蒋介石立即撤消南昌政府,让在南昌的中央委员和国民政府委员来武汉报到。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">日,国民党左派在武汉召开高级干部会议,决定由徐谦、吴玉章、邓演达、孙科、顾孟余组成行动委员会,公开进行同蒋介石的斗争。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  蒋介石惯为贼喊捉贼的伎俩,在南昌发表演讲,反诬徐谦为独裁者,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">彼有何等根据,而自为汉口联席会议之主席。且不奉党之命令,是非独裁者而何?此外决无独裁者也。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">徐谦也针锋相对,发表文章指出:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">是党服从总司令,还是总司令服从党,必须在事实上弄对了。不然,革命的前途是危险的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">他还告诫蒋介石,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">任凭那行独裁制的人有多大的本领,若是一意孤行,没有不失败的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">国民党二届三中全会召开时,徐谦为主席团成员,他在会上领衔提出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">提高党权案</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">反对军事独裁成立军事委员会案</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">等。在徐谦等的努力下,二届三中全会针对蒋介石的军事独裁,通过了诸多决议案。徐谦在这次全会上当选为国民党中央常委兼政治委员会委员、中央军事委员会主席团成员、国民政府常委兼司法部部长。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  蒋介石在上海发动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">四一二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">反革命政变时,徐谦和吴玉章、邓演达、宋庆龄、毛泽东等联名发出讨蒋通电,谴责蒋介石已成为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">总理之叛徒,本党之败类,民族之蟊贼,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">唯有依照中央命令,去此叛徒。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">蒋介石则凭借手中的军权,发出通缉令,在长长的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">197</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">人的黑名单中,徐谦名列首位。他的人身安全受到威胁,不得不出走香港,定居九龙,以律师职业谋生。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1933</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月,李济深、陈铭枢、蒋光鼐会同徐谦等在香港密谋,策划旨在以联共、反蒋、抗日为目的的政治事变。福建事变发生后,正式成立中华共和国人民革命政府,他当选为政府委员兼司法委员会主任委员。次年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月,福建事变失败,他又避难香港。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  抗日战争全面爆发时,他担任国防最高会议参议员和国民参政会参政员。他虽已年老体弱,仍然为抗日救亡而辛劳奔走。他往返于南亚诸国的华侨之中,宣传抗日,筹款劳军和救济难民。他还让夫人将在新加坡举办画展的全部收入,捐赠给九龙中国难童工艺救济院。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1939</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月,他因病赴香港治疗,在病痛中,仍以国家前途、民族命运为念,一再叮嘱:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">国难非团结一致不能排除。政治非根本澄清,国家永无清明之日。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">次年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">日,徐谦病逝,终年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">70</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">岁。徐谦逝世后,中共中央主要负责人都送来挽联。毛泽东的挽联是:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  存亡攸关,抗战赖持久,而今正是新阶段;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  死生同慨,团结须进步,岂能再抄旧文章。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  朱德、彭德怀、叶剑英的挽联是:安得横磨十万,斩尽奸邪,慰先生平生抱负;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  谨率貔貅百旅,扫荡妖气,还中华锦绣河山。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  周恩来、邓颖超的挽联是:国难方殷,老成凋谢,愿先生精神不死;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  抗战正急,团结频危,幸同胞万众一心。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">  徐谦一生著作颇丰,有《民约总论》、《刑法丛编》、《劳资合一》、《诗词学》、《笔法荟谈》和《徐季龙先生遗诗》等。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>

徐天奎 发表于 2009-10-2 23:00

例文  徐福


<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福简介ffice:office" /&gt;<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com<img src=" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐福,即徐巿(是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">巿</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">〔fú〕而不是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">市</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">〔shì 〕),字君房,秦朝时齐地人,为一方士,曾担任秦始皇的御医。出生龙口市徐福镇,生长在江苏省连云港市赣榆县,今金山镇徐福村人(原名叫徐阜村);祖籍是今山东省龙口市徐福镇人或为烟台市齐郡人。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐福的事迹,最早见于《史记》的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">秦始皇本纪</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">和</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">淮南衡山列传</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">(在秦始皇本纪中称</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐巿</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,在淮南衡山列传中称</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">)。据《史记》记载,秦始皇希望长生不老,公元前219年,徐巿上书说海中有蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲三座仙山,有神仙居住。于是秦始皇派徐巿率领童男童女数千人、以及已经预备的三年粮食、衣履、药品和耕具入海求仙,耗资巨大。但徐巿率众出海数年,并未找到神山。公元前210年,秦始皇东巡至琅岈,徐巿推托说出海后碰到巨大的鲛鱼阻碍,无法远航,要求增派射手对付鲛鱼。秦始皇应允,派遣射手射杀了一头大鱼。后徐福再度率众出海,来到</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">平原广泽</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,他感到当地气候温暖、风光明媚、人民友善,便停下来自立为王,教当地人农耕、捕鱼、捕鲸和沥纸的方法,此后再也没有返回中国。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福家世<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">   徐福家世,至今未见正史记载。但起始汉代的谱录著作、唐宋时代引入方士的家谱资料,却为徐福家世研究提供了可资参阅的史料。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  现代学者研究徐福家世者颇多。如台湾徐氏宗亲会徐子明、徐悦堂篡《徐氏大宗谱》,徐州师范大学罗其湘撰《江西&lt;草坪</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">•</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏宗谱&gt;初考》,皆是在古人谱牒史料的基础上,考证了大量近现代家谱资料,对徐福家世作出了系统阐述。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  台湾大学教授徐子明(1915年荣获美、德两国文学哲学博士。学成归国后,任国立北京大学教授。他从1900年起研究徐氏历代谱谍,与时任燕京大学教授的卫挺生互相切磋,对徐氏源流进行深入考证)与徐悦堂(明开国元勋中山王徐达二十一世裔孙,清两广总督徐广缙玄孙。他从1958年起,追随徐子明教授研究史学和氏族学,独自筹款办《徐氏大宗谱》编篡馆)两代人前后考证80余年,编写3年,《徐氏大宗谱》才得以面世。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  据徐悦堂先生考证,记载徐福家史的古代徐氏家谱、族谱有多部。如:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  《南洲</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">•</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐谱》。三国(220</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">—</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">280)时徐庶(今河南禹县人)编《南洲</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">•</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐谱》曰:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">南洲高士徐稚,字孺子,祖籍东海,于战国末年其祖先该公奉祖命隐南洲,永不仕,耕读传家,淡泊名利,自食其力……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">又曰:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐仲公,为徐偃王二十六裔孙。仲生二子,长讳长,次为延,延即尚也。长生猛,猛生咨与福(巿),福率祖人入东海祖洲(即今之日本),尚知福将反,遂令其曾孙隐居洪都(即南洲,今之南昌),该不及避,令其子坚隐居南洲,自此寄居南洲,八代至稚……。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  《徐懋功家谱》。唐朝徐懋功编《徐懋功家谱》曰:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福者,又称徐巿或希,谱名徐议,字君房,其文讳猛,祖父讳长,从祖父讳延(即尚),曾祖父讳仲,高曾祖讳诜(即金文铣)。福之长兄讳谱,福率振男女各三千人入东海祖洲。谘居琅邪,今山东徐氏者为徐偃王二十九裔孙徐谘之后。徐福一支入东海祖洲,不复返也。徐该与徐福同曾祖父,延(即尚)知福反,入东海祖洲止王(秦始皇)不来,为避秦始皇灭门之祸,随令其孙该潜居洪都(即今之南昌),自此世居南洲。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐懋功为徐稚十七世裔孙,为徐偃王五十三世裔孙,播迁山东曹州,为唐开国元勋,封英国公,妣薛氏,生二子,另讳敬业,次讳敬猷,享寿九十三岁,葬于长安太白山麓,建有徐懋功祠。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  《徐氏大宗谱》对徐氏源流记述详尽:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏,子爵,赢姓,皋陶之后也。皋陶生伯益,伯益传禹有功,封其子若木徐,在徐城县三十里,泗州临淮有徐城(今安徽泗县北),自若木至偃王诞三十二世,为周所灭。周又封其子宗为徐子,宗十一世孙章禹(羽)鲁召公30年,为吴所灭。子孙以国为氏。又其族出于赢氏十四姓之一也。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  《徐氏太宗谱》记述的徐国兴旺的历程,与卫挺生《日本神武开国新考》相吻合(前已述及)。据徐悦堂先生考证,徐氏总堂号之所以</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">东海堂</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">或东海郡。因为徐氏</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">来自东海,去之东海</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。所谓</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">来自东海</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,指天下(海内外)徐氏皆发源于东海之地,故曰</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">泽衍东海</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">(即今江苏东海、赣榆地方),所谓</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">去之东海</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,意指徐诞失国后蹈浮舟沿泗水由黄河口(今江苏阜宁今称旧黄河口)出海东渡,至舟山群岛(古称翁州)隐居,自此徐国臣氏,每日思念徐王诞,故徐氏以东海为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">堂号</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  罗其湘教授于二十世纪八十年代,对江西临川、南丰、南城、九江等地《草坪</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">•</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏宗谱》、《邱园</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">•</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏家谱》、《龙溪</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">•</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏宗谱》和《徐家垅</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">•</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏家谱》等进行考证,认为《草坪</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">•</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏宗谱》中,有两处有关徐福家世的记载尚属大陆首次发现。一是《徐氏历代源流》中记有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">受姓祖,讳巿。因始皇游海上,上书。娶卞氏</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">;二是明初洪武戊辰年(1389年)魏敏洪撰写的《徐氏历代宗谱序》中,记有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">自巿公受姓下传……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  江西各地徐氏宗谱对徐氏脉络亦有清晰的记载,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏出于颛顼之后,赢姓。唐虞时为伯益,其后封于徐。子孙遂居东海郡,因以徐为氏焉。(《草坪</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">•</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏历代宗谱序》)。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">粤稽徐氏,始由颛顼,历五世至伯益。舜赐伯益赢姓。秦与赵皆其苗裔也。迨伯益生若木,夏封为徐候,其地即禹贡之徐州,子孙居此,遂以徐为姓焉</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">(《南丰邱园</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">•</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏续修家谱序》)。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  罗氏考证了各种版本的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏家族</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">之记载与卫挺生先生之考证对比分析,认为有诸多相吻合的共同之处:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">一是徐氏出于颛顼之后;二是受赐赢姓;三是夏封于徐;四是子孙散居于</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">‘</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">东海郡</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">’</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">‘</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">禹贡徐州之城</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">’</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">或</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">‘</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">江、淮、泗、济</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">’</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">之间。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  中国谱谍记载徐福之事较早者,还有南朝梁武帝天监年间谱官王僧儒(公元465</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">—</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">522年)撰《百家谱》。文曰:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">议,字彦福,亦名巿。秦始皇使蓬莱,居东海。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">王僧儒</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">东海郯人也</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。郯在今山东郯城县北,是赣榆县近邻,东距徐福故里徐福村仅50多公里。(罗其湘《江西&lt;草坪</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">•</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐氏宗谱&gt;初考》)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  卫挺生教授《徐福入日本建国考》,编入了根据清徐时栋《徐偃王志》、六朝唐宋以来的谱牒编制的《徐王诞以前世系表》和《徐王诞至徐福世系表》。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  日本官撰的《古事记》、《日本书纪》、《神皇正统记》等正史,对徐福家世未予记载。山梨县富士吉田市宫下义孝先生家藏《宫下富士古文书》(又名《徐福古问场》)却对徐福家世记之颇详。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  2003年10月,笔者有幸于富士吉田市造访宫下义孝先生(74岁),并一览宫下族珍宝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">——</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">《宫下富士古文书》。宫下义孝先生介绍:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">传说《宫下富士古文书》是800年前完成的。原来的文章没有了,现存的为宫下祖先重写的。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">该书20余万字,全以汉字用毛笔书写在宣纸上。因为在日本是孤本,宫下家族视为珍宝,精心保管,密不示人。笔者因是来自徐福故里的中国徐福会副会长,又是宫下会长的朋友,才得以一饱眼福。因没有时间细看(翻阅时要十分小心,不然书页会破碎),只拍摄了部分照片,不能不说是一大遗憾。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  宫下义孝先生说,日本八店投入巨资,将《宫下富士古文书》复印出版300套,名曰《神传富士古文献》。每套7卷(每卷540页,大16K),定价14万日元(合人民币1万余元)。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  这是一部记述包括</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福渡来</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">在内的弥生时代历史的日本最古老的典籍。饭野孝宥据此考证了徐福在日本的家世。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  据徐福七世裔孙秦福寿著文载,日本第七代孝灵天皇之时,徐福渡来日本列岛,先后抵筑紫(九州)、南岛(四国)、不二山(富士山)。徐福把7个儿子改为日本姓氏,长子姓福冈,次子姓福岛,三子姓福山,四子姓福田,五子姓福畑,六子姓福海,七子姓福住,然后把他们分别派往7个地方。从此,徐福的子孙遍及日本各地,逐渐繁衍起来。徐福则自称秦之徐福。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  后代秦姓或者带有福、羽田、波田、波多、畑、畠等字的姓氏和地名,皆与徐福的子孙或与徐福一起东渡的秦人子孙有关。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  饭野先生称,上述资料为徐福的直系第七代嫡孙秦福寿所书并遗传于世。建久3年3月,为山宫二所大神宫司宫下源大夫义仁所抄写(《宫下富士古文书》的《人皇七代孝灵天皇证》)。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  秦福寿还有其他宝贵资料遗传于世,后人将其整理成《徐福世系表》。徐福第七世之后,尚未发现有关记载。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">史书上关于徐福东渡的记载<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">《史记》的记载<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐福的事迹,最早见于《史记》的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">秦始皇本纪</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">和</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">淮南衡山列传</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">(在秦始皇本纪中称</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,在淮南衡山列传中称</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">)。据《史记》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">秦始皇本纪</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">记载,秦始皇希望长生不老。秦始皇二十八年(前219年),徐巿上书说海中有蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲三座仙山,有神仙居住。于是秦始皇派徐巿率领童男童女数千人、以及已经预备的三年粮食、衣履、药品和耕具入海求仙,耗资巨大。但徐巿率众出海数年,并未找到神山。秦始皇三十七年(前210年),秦始皇东巡至琅岈,徐巿推托说出海后碰到巨大的鲛鱼阻碍,无法远航,要求增派射手对付鲛鱼。秦始皇应允,派遣射手射杀了一头大鱼。后徐福再度率众出海。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  《史记》中记录徐福东渡之事比较多内容的是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">淮南衡山列传</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,其中包括徐福从东南到蓬莱,与海神的对话以及海神索要童男童女作为礼物等事,一般认为这是徐福对秦始皇编造的托辞,还记载了徐福再度出海携带了谷种,并有百工随行。这次出海后,徐福来到</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">平原广泽</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">(可能是日本九州岛),他感到当地气候温暖、风光明媚、人民友善,便</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">止王不来</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,停下来自立为王,教当地人农耕、捕鱼、捕鲸和沥纸的方法,不回来了。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">淮南衡山列传</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">与</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">秦始皇本纪</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">稍有不同,称徐福并未开始就带数千童男童女入海,而是寻访仙家多年未果的情况下,再度出海时率数千童男女出海。关于徐福所要寻访的蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲三座仙山,《史记》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">封禅书</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">只是说在渤海中,并不能确定具体位置。而平原广泽在何处,更是不能考证。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">《三国志》的记载<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  《三国志》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">吴书·吴主权传</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">、《后汉书》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">东夷列传</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">也有提及徐福东渡之事。《三国志》提到了徐福到达亶洲(一作澶洲)并滞留不归。在《三国志》的记载中,亶洲与夷洲在同在中国外海的东南方向,并相距不远。有人认为夷洲就是台湾,亶洲就是日本,与倭国是一个地方的两个名字。《三国志》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">魏书·倭人传</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">记载倭国</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">计其道里,当在会稽、东冶之东</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,说明那时候中国人认为倭国在中国外海的东南方向。《后汉书》也是同样的记录。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">《义楚六帖》的记载<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  到了五代的后周时,济州开元寺僧人义楚在《义楚六帖》(又称《释氏六帖》)的卷二十一</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">国城州市部</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">城廓·日本</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">中,首次明确提到徐福最终到达的是日本(也叫倭国),今日的秦氏(日本古代渡来豪族)为其后代,仍自称秦人。并说徐福到达后,将富士山称为蓬莱。此为目前所知最早明确指出徐福滞留不归之地是日本的中国文献。不过有观点认为,义楚的记载很可能和日本的传说有关。因为义楚有一个日本醍醐天皇时代的僧人好友叫宽辅(法号弘顺大师,927年到达中国),义楚没有到过日本,关于富士山的记载很显然来自他的日本好友的说法。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">《日本刀歌》<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  的记载宋代欧阳修的《日本刀歌》明确指明徐福所滞留的地方就是日本,并且认为徐福东渡时携带了大量的典籍,才使得在中国遭秦始皇焚书坑儒的典籍在日本得以保留。但是这种说法的真实性难以考证。1339年日本南朝大臣北畠亲房所著《神皇正统记》将此事作为信史记录,称</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">孔子全经唯存日本矣</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">《正统记》的记录<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  日本最早出现的徐福东渡到日本的记录是1339年日本南朝大臣北畠亲房所著的《神皇正统记》。而成书于8世纪的日本典籍《古事记》和《日本书纪》只提到了秦朝人移民到日本的情况,没有徐福东渡的记载。有观点认为这是因为中国8世纪时尚未明确提出徐福东渡所到之地就是日本。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  日本人认为徐福在日本的纪州熊野的新宫(今和歌山县新宫市)登陆,目前当地还有徐福墓和徐福神社,每年11月28日是祭祀徐福的日子。在日本徐福的传说中,日本人认为徐福带来了童男童女、百工、谷种、农具、药物及生产技术和医术,对日本发展起了重要作用,因此尊徐福为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">司农耕神</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">和</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">司药神</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">关于徐福的去向<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  有以下几种说法:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  来到日本,是为日本历史上第一位天皇神武天皇,在考古研究中,结合「欠史八代」的疑点,在证明这九代天皇存在之前,这种说法不失为一种看来合理的说法。日本现有徐福墓,但成立年代颇晚,当是后世徐福来日传说传入日本(注:)附会所建。又,徐福墓数量过多,如杨贵妃墓,前前后后有数十座,徒增疑点。 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  成为日本人的祖先。此说无论就史学或考古学观之,其时代皆大相径庭。日本早于徐福来到前早已有人居住,并已有其文化。徐福与童男童女到来充其量只是与当地人通婚再产生后代而已。 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  据『日本国史略』提到:「孝灵天皇七十二年,秦人徐福来。(或云,徐福率童男女三千人,赍三坟五典来聘。福求药不得,遂留而不归。或云,止富士山。或云,熊野山,有徐福祠。)」说徐福带童男童女来日本修好,贡上三坟五典而寻求仙药,然而不得仙药,只等定居下来。在『富士文书』中则提道徐福来到日本,协助当地农民耕种,带来一些新的技术。然而『富士文书』一般被学界认为是伪书。 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  到达日本后,徐福再没有返回中国,而且没有得到长生不老药,担心秦始皇追杀,要求同行男女各自改姓成为「秦」、「佃」、「福田」、「羽田」、「福台」、「福山」等姓氏。巧合的是,连云港市现有云台山脉,姓氏都与山有奇特渊源。现在,日本和歌山县新宫市都还有姓秦的日本人,有些家门口楼上还仍然刻着「秦」字。 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  到了琉球群岛或是到了渤海湾中的一个小岛再到济州岛。于大海上遇到风暴失踪。有趣的是,由宇多天皇到龟山天皇,由天皇主祭徐福达80多次,直到明治维新才停止。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">批注<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  ^ 注意,是「巿」(ㄈㄨˊ,fuˊ)而不是「市」(ㄕˋ,shiˋ) <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  ^ 『楚义六帖』为中国首次认为徐福到日本之书籍,却没有称王的说法。史记本文中并无确实记载,注释亦语焉不详。就《三国志》魏书倭人传察知,至少到东汉为止尚无徐福来到日本的传说形成。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福故里之争<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  山东龙口:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  最早记录徐福事迹的是《史记》,作为当时西汉武帝时太史令的司马迁,距离徐福东渡的时间只有七八十年的时间,定是因为此事影响甚广,所以他在自己的不朽著作里记录了当时求仙这一盛况:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">齐人徐(福)等上书,言海中有三神山,仙人居之。请得斋戒,与童男女求之。于是遣徐发童男女数千人,入海求仙人。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">司马迁说徐是齐地人。故有观点认为徐福的故乡应该是山东龙口。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  江苏连云港:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  江苏赣榆:1982年6月,江苏赣榆县进行了一次地名普查,在县城北金山乡南一公里的地方发现一个叫</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐阜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">的自然村。据当地人说,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐阜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">原名</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,明清时仍称</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福村</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。另据出土文物可知,赣榆县在战国时属齐地,秦朝时属琅琊郡,实际也果真如此。由此,位于今江苏省赣榆县城北金山乡南一公里的徐阜村,也称是徐福故里。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  我是徐恺,连云港市人,徐福是我前第56代祖,故我是徐福第56代孙,有徐家宗谱和连云港市地方志为证!<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  现有几种说法在目前史学界上的争论颇多,因为都没有墓葬或原文的确凿的证据,直至今日一时争论不止。但不妨碍人们纪念徐福活动的展开。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福东渡的原因<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  求仙药说。这是目前最为通行的说法。在秦代方士是很流行的。在齐地和燕地,这样的方士很多。战国齐威王、齐宣王、燕昭王时,便有大批齐、燕方士入海求蓬莱仙药。和徐福同时代的方士也有很多,像卢生、韩终、侯公等。徐福作为方士中最著名的一个,为始皇入海求药,是可能的。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  避祸复仇说。秦始皇暴政,一部分人敢于揭竿而起,另一部分人就消极抵抗,在沿海地区,就有很多人向海外移民。徐福是知识分子,他不满秦的暴政,但又无能为力,于是表面上热衷于寻找仙药,实际上是寻找合适的机会移民。山东师范大学山东地方史研究所所长朱亚非教授认为。持这种观点的人很多,《汉书》中说:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福、韩终之属多赍童男女人海,求神采药。因逃不还,天下怨恨。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">唐代诗人汪遵《东海》诗也写道:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">漾舟雪浪映花颜,徐福携将竟不还。同舟危时避秦客。此行何似武陵滩。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">作者把徐福入海不归比作陶渊明《桃花源记》所写的武陵郡渔人避秦乱而移居桃花源之事。也有人认为徐福东渡是为了报秦亡齐国之仇,消灭族之恨而策划的一次叛离始皇恶政统治的行动。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  海外开发说。当时邹衍的大九州观点十分流行,认为在海外还有很大的疆土。邹衍的大九州学说引导和鼓舞沿海的航海家、探险家积极地开发海外。秦始皇所向往的正是:凡是日月所照的地方,都是他的疆土;凡是人的足迹所到达的,都是他的臣民。于是,为了扩大自己的版图,就打着求仙药的幌子,派徐福出海,实际上,却是为了实现自己疆土四至的理想。《吕氏春秋为欲篇》也指出了当时秦国统治者的理想:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">北至大夏,南至北户,西至三危,东至扶木,不敢乱矣。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">东至扶木就是东至扶桑,即后来所说的日本。这应该就是秦始皇对国家版图的宏伟目标。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福东渡何处<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐福东渡是否到了日本,这是诸谜中争论最为激烈的一个。有学者认为,三神山一般是指日本国。日本还保存有很多有关徐福的遗迹,如徐福登陆地、徐福祠、徐福冢、徐福井等。其佐贺市、新宫市等地都被传为是徐福当年登陆日本的地方。但也有学者认为徐福最终的目的地是韩国。因为韩国也有有关三神山和徐福东渡的传说和曾活动的遗迹。此外,还有说去了南洋的,也有说到了海南岛的,更有说到了美洲的。这种说法认为,徐福东渡是先到了日本,后来又到了美洲,并在美洲自立为王不归。檀香山遗留下带有中国篆书刻字的方形岩石,旧金山附近有刻存中国篆文的古箭等文物出土。这些古代文物是当时徐福这批秦人经过时所遗留的。而墨西哥湾地区有批居住山区的黄种人,据称是秦采药人的后代。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  在近现代,早在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">五·四</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">运动前夕的1918年,陶亚民先生首先发表了《徐福事考》一文,王辑五先生把研究徐福与研究中日海上交通史结合起来,提出了一些新观点,当时一些著名史学家,如汪向荣、卫挺生等,也参与了这一研究。1981年,汪向荣先生再论</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福东渡</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,又重新掀起了徐福研究的热潮,而且一改其年轻时认为司马迁在《史记》里只是原原本本地记载了</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">方士们的不真实的宣传</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,认为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福是实在的人物,他的入海是为了逃避始皇帝的虐政,是有计划的海外移民。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">他还指出:若对中日关系史和日本古代史发展过程进行认真观察、探讨的话,也不能轻易地否定这一传说。近二十年来,这一研究取得了不少瞩目的成绩。一些中国有影响的史学元老和中青年史学工作者也对这一课题颇感兴趣。如复旦大学的吴杰教授、辽宁大学的孟宪仁教授、天津社科院的王金林教授、浙江大学日本文化研究所的王勇教授等,都曾立著论述。另外象台湾的彭双松教授、日本的梅原猛教授、壹岐一郎教授、水野明教授等也都对这一课题作了较为深入的研究。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  然而,由于《史记》对徐福求仙事的记载</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">语焉不详</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,使得这个历史事件成为一宗千古疑案,史学界不少人把它看成是一只烫手的山芋。近些年来,虽然有人试图从考古学、人类学、航海史等多角度来佐证这一历史事件,但很难有突破性的进展。要说认同,只有两点,一是历史上确有徐福其人,二是确实下过海。至于其出身在何处,在哪儿出海,出过几次海,东渡的目的是什么,最后到的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">平原广泽</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">究竟是什么地方,这一切还都是目前争论的焦点。因此,有些史学家就提出,单从历史学的角度来研究徐福与日本的关系,容易陷入空论与臆测。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">[编辑本段]徐福文化的影响<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  其实,徐福传说,虚虚实实,历来是浮于中日两国史学界的棘手</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">谜案</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,但又是游离于历史与文化之间的热门话题,徐福成了中国与东北亚地区的一种独特文化。在中国,自汉以下历代文人墨客,以此为题材撰文赋诗的不在少数。一生喜好探幽访奇的浪漫主义大诗人李白,其《古风》(三)赋的正是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐载秦女,楼船几时回</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">;宋朝欧阳修的一首《日本刀歌》更是烂熟于中日人民心中;元朝的吴莱热衷于徐福传说,他泛舟东海,寻访古迹,写下了著名的《甬东山水古迹记》,把徐福在舟山群岛中的遗迹,一一记录下来,并写下了《听客话蓬莱山紫霞洞》、《听客话熊野徐福庙》等诗篇;明朝的宋濂、李东阴;清时的黄遵宪等也都以此为题材,创作了流传千古的诗篇。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  终上所述,如果说徐福,作为一个历史命题还有诸多难解之谜的话,那么作为一个文化名题,早已在历史流变的进程中形成,并为中日韩乃至东北亚人民所接受。谁也不是提出徐福文化的始作俑者。而是事实告诉我们,徐福作为一种独特的文化现象,无论从历史的角度,还是现实的状况,对中日韩三国的交流与交往起着不可替代的积极作用。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  在日本古代史上,绵延了6000多年的绳纹文化,在公元前三世纪前后突然中断了,日本列岛的文明进程,从石器时代一下跃入了金石并用时代,这一作用,来自于列岛以外的移民,是外来的大规模集体移民带来了新的文化。而司马迁的《史记》记载徐福出海求仙事又正发生在这一时期,这又不得不引起历史学家们的关注。但是,《史记》中对徐福去向的记载只有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福得平原广泽,止王不来</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">这么几个字,这平原广泽是哪儿?谁也不知道,以后又无令人信服的考古资料可以佐证。在日本,有文字记载的史料在公元七世纪才出现,对于古代文史,大多是以口碑形式流传下来的,其可信度也有限。因此,要确切地弄清是哪些集团从中国大陆带去先进文化,着实是有困难的。当时的中国正置列国纷争,连年征战,老百姓为逃避战乱,纷纷蹈海东渡。移民集团到达朝鲜半岛、日本列岛的又何止徐福一个。就在史学界,关于倭人始祖问题,历来也有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">吴人后裔说</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">太伯后裔说</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">越人后裔说</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福后裔说</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">骑马民族后裔说</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">等诸多观点,影响着日本历史发展的外来文化有吴越文化、齐鲁文化、通古斯文化等。因此,考察徐福文化的源头,真正的涵义在于文化的认同和归属,这一认同和归属又以广泛的血缘交融为基础的。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">仅仅是这一时期大陆移民集团的代名词,是一种文化源头的象征。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  另外,自战国至秦汉,王侯将相大多热衷于神仙之道,故在历时几百年的入海求仙活动中,出现了像安期生、羡门高誓、韩众、卢生、少君等一大批方术之士。光是徐福入海求仙时就有三千童男女及无数百工相随,有几十条乃至上百条的船出海,就这一群体而言,也不可能首尾相随、同时出发、同到一个目的地的。因此,在中国一千多里的海岸线上,在日本有近30个地方都有徐福的传说,也就不奇怪了。徐福就成了这些方士群体、求仙队伍的代名词。我把其称为共名的徐福。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐福与日本历史结合起来,从纯历史学的范畴到形成一种文化现象,随着历史的发展,有一个流变的过程。自司马迁《史记》记载以后,东汉班固的《汉书》、晋陈寿的《三国志》、南宋范晔的《后汉书》都记载有徐福出海求仙的事迹,且不出《史记》内容的窠臼,所说徐福到过的祖州、瀛洲、夷洲、澶洲、蓬莱、方丈等地,均是虚无缥缈的。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐福传说与日本之接轨,大约开始于隋唐时期,隋大业三年(公元607年),日本派小野妹子来华,次年,隋炀帝派裴世清出访日本,裴世清在日本九州一带看到有一个风俗同于华夏的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">秦王国</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,于是就猜想,这大概是传闻徐福止住不归的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">夷洲</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,但又无法确定。之后,有人则把这个</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">秦王国</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">直接比定为日本。如明人薛俊蓍的《日本考略·沿革考》(成书于公元1530年)中说:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">先秦时,遣方士徐福将童男女数千人入海求仙,不得,惧诛止夷、澶二洲,号秦王国,属倭奴。故中国总呼曰</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">‘</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐倭</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">’”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。用肯定的语气直接说徐福到的夷、澶二洲</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">属倭奴</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  到了唐代,中日交往日趋频繁,人们发现日本的文物制度类似中国,颇存上古遗风,于是逐渐将徐福东渡之地锁定为日本。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  在徐福与日本古代史结合上,对后世影响最大的,莫过于义楚的《义楚六帖》中的记载。五代后唐天成二年(公元927年),日本醍醐时代的真玄宗高僧弘顺大使(即宽辅和尚)来中国,与我国的义楚和尚相识,相交日益深厚,宽辅把流传在日本的关于徐福求仙到过日本的传说讲给义楚听,后来义楚把宽辅的这一口述内容,记载在他的《义楚六帖·城廓·日本》中:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">日本国亦名倭国,东海中。秦时,徐福将五百童男、五百童女,止此国也。今人物一如长安。……又东北千余里有山,名富山,亦名蓬莱,其山峻,三面是海,一朵上耸,顶有火烟,日中上有诸宝流下,夜则却上,常闻音乐。徐福止此,谓蓬莱,至今子孙皆曰秦氏。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  在中国,徐福求仙到达日本,最终到达富士山的记载始见于此书,但这一记载也仅仅是一对异国友僧的交谈内容,也只是传说而言。然而,就是这样一则不经意的谈话记录,却成了以后徐福东渡到达日本的依据,传承授受,一直沿袭到了现在。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐福文化历史流变中的另一突出现象就是徐福逐渐由人到神,徐福的史实记载内容逐渐被作为文人的创作而加以发挥,并且不断加以神话。徐福则逐渐成为一种不折不挠、无所不能的精神象征。这一点,最具代表性的作品要数宋代李舫的《太平广记》中一段有关徐福的记载:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐福,字君房。不知何许人也。秦始皇时,大宛中多枉死者横道。数有乌衔草覆死人面,皆登时活。有司奏闻始皇。始皇使使者赍此草,以问北郭鬼谷先生,云是东海中祖洲上不死之草,生琼田中,一名养神芝。其叶似菰,生不丛。一株可活千人。始皇于是谓可索得。因遣福及童男女各三千人,乘楼船入海。寻祖洲不返,后不知所之。逮沈羲得道,黄老遣福为使者,乘白虎车,度世君司马生乘龙车。侍郎薄延之乘白鹿车,俱来迎羲而去。由是后人知福得道矣。又唐开元中,有士人患半身枯黑,御医张尚容等不能知。其人聚族言曰:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">形体如是。宁可久耶?闻大海中有神仙,正当求仙方,可愈此疾。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">宗族留之不可。因与侍者,赍粮至登州大海侧。遇空舟,乃赍所携。挂帆随风,可行十余日,近一孤岛。岛上有数万人,如朝谒状。须臾至岸。岸侧有妇人洗药,因问彼皆何者。妇人指云:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">中心床坐,须鬓白者,徐君也。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">又问:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐君是谁?</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">妇人云:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">君知秦始皇时徐福耶?</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">曰:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">知之。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">此则是也。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">顷之,众各散去。某遂登岸致谒,具语始末,求其医理。徐君曰:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">汝之疾,遇我即生。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">初以美饭哺之,器物皆奇小,某嫌其薄。君云:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">能尽此,为再餐也,但恐不尽尔。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">某连啖之,如数瓯物致饱。而饮亦以一小器盛酒,饮之致醉。翌日,以黑药数丸令食。食讫,痢黑汁数升,其疾乃愈。某求住奉事。徐君云:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">尔有禄位,未宜即留。当以东风相送,无愁归路遥也。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">复与黄药一袋,云:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">此药善治一切病,还遇疾者,可以刀圭饮之。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">某还,数日至登州。以药奏闻。时玄宗令有疾者服之,皆愈。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  至于徐福东渡与中日关系的意象结合,则在历代的文学创作中也是屡见不鲜。元和元年(公元806年)三月,入唐僧空海回国途经越州,朱少乘、朱少瑞、鸿渐等人赋诗相送,唐僧人鸿渐写了一首《送空海上人朝谒后归日本国》:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  禅居一海隔,乡路祖洲东。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  到国宣周礼,朝天得僧风。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  山冥鱼梵远,日正辱楼空。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  人至非徐福,何由寄信通。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  这大概是文献所见</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">祖州</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐福</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">与</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">日本</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">的意象结合的最早史料。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  在此前后,以徐福求仙为题材的诗文也常出于名人之手笔,李白写过,皮日休写过,朱少瑞写过。在日本最有影响的要数宋代苏轼的《海漫漫》与欧阳修的《日本刀歌》。明清时期随着与日本交往的更加频繁,此类题材的诗文更是屡见不鲜,曾任日本大使馆参赞的黄遵宪写的《日本国志》中记载着徐福求仙事;曾任宁绍兵备道的薛福成在其《出使日记》中记录了其去新宫访徐福墓的经过。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  名人题留,佳作倍出,虽然,不少作品对徐福描述有着浓厚的神话色彩,但这是徐福文化的一个重要组成部分,可过去我们却因其是文学、是传说,并不是史实而被忽视,即惑只作一些佐证材料来加以引用,没有能够集中地、深入地、多角度地加以研究,发觉其更深的内涵。中日两国,一衣带水、唇齿相依,历史上曾都通过各种形式,各民族之间互相交流、交融,形成一个个复合的政治文化联体。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  隋唐时期,是日本与我国交往的第一个高峰期,日本曾向我国派遣了二十多批遣隋使和遣唐使,我国也曾派遣过大量的迎送使节,两国友人、僧侣、学者之间的交往,时常以徐福文化作为一种友谊的象征而互相传颂、赞赏。日本的弘顺法师与我国的义楚和尚以谈徐福传说来颂扬中日人民的传统友谊;日本天台宗僧圆载,来华留学约40年后回国,他的好友唐代著名诗人皮日休为他饯行,曾写有一首《重送圆载上人归日本国》,其中有:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">无限属城为裸国,几多分界是澶洲</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">的诗句。也以徐福求仙事来揭示两国人民的传统友谊。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  明洪武九年(公元1376年),无学祖元的第四代徒弟中津绝海来中国留学。明太祖知道后就在英武楼召见了他。谈话间,明太祖问起日本熊野徐福庙古迹,中津绝海法师即席作了一首《应制赋三山》绝句:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  熊野峰前徐福祠,满山药草雨余肥。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  只今海上波涛稳,万里好风须早归。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  明太祖看到这首诗后,兴致即起,当场步中津绝海诗韵和了一首:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  熊野峰高血食祠,松根琥珀也应肥。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  当年徐福求仙药,直到如今更不归。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  1402年,明惠帝派遣禅僧道彝天伦和一庵一如出使日本,二位法师在日本碰到了中津绝海高僧,中津绝海捧示朱元璋御赐诗轴向两位中国法师求和诗。道彝天伦和一诗:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  采药秦人旧有祠,春风几见术苗肥。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  老僧曾到中华国,御笔题诗赐远归。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  一庵一如也和诗:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  挂锡龙河古佛祠,一生高洁厌轻肥。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  赋诗诏入金銮殿,携得天香满袖归。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  中日联珠,堪称绝唱。值得注意的是这些唱和其间正是倭寇骚扰我国东南沿海之时,从中显现了两国人民对和平友好的珍重。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  1978年10月 ,邓小平同志访问日本,他与日本朋友谈及日本就是以前传说中的蓬莱国,有长生不老药时说:仙药究竟有没有我不知道,但我这次来,希望带回去日本优秀的科学技术。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  1979年2月,和歌山县新宫市市长来华访问,将早期从浙江天台山带去的传说中的长生不老药</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">——</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">天台乌药的三株树苗赠给邓小平同志。这又是由徐福东渡求仙而引出的一段中日友谊的一段佳话。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐福文化就是这样,它以其独特的魅力,已成为中日两国人民友好悠源的象征,并被两国人民世代传颂。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐福祠 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐福故里位于连云港西北50公里处赣榆县境内。据《史记》记载,秦始皇统一中国后,为求长生不老仙药,徐福祠派遣当地方士徐福带领三千童男女和百名工匠,出海寻觅,最终未获得不老仙药,却在日本登陆,成为中国文化向日本传播的第一人。徐福故里建有徐福祠一座,祠庙门阙为仿汉建筑,造型精美,古色古香。祠内徐福座像高3米,面向东南,目视远方,表现出徐福刚毅、睿智和离别乡土的眷念之情。祠堂前有两个灯笼,为日本友人所赠。西配殿陈列着徐福故里的部分出土文物,有新石器时代的带槽石斧和秦砖汉瓦,殿内还有徐福在日本足迹的大量照片。东西长廊中镶嵌有苏北罕见的花岗岩汉画像石、原始社会的石笋等,还存有石船锚和石药碾等出土文物。今天的徐福祠是中外游客,特别是日本游客的必到之处。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>

[ 本帖最后由 徐天奎 于 2009-10-2 23:08 编辑 ]

徐天奎 发表于 2009-10-2 23:16

例文 徐稚

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"> 【简介】<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐孺子(公元97</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">—</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">168年),即徐稺(徐稚),字孺子,豫章南昌(今南昌市高新区北沥徐村)人。是我国东汉时期著名的高士贤人,经学家,世人称</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">南州高士</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐孺子一贯崇尚</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">恭俭义让,淡泊明志</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,不愿为官而乐于助人,被人们尊称为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">南州高士</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">和</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">布衣学者</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,成为千秋传颂的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">人杰地灵之典范</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。他曾赴江夏(今湖北云梦)拜著名学者黄琼为师,后来黄当了大官,徐就与之断交,并多次拒绝黄邀请他去当官。黄琼死后,徐孺子身背干粮从南昌徒步数日赶到江夏哭祭,后人敬佩道:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">邀官不肯出门,奔丧不远千里。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  相传豫章太守陈蕃极为敬重徐稚之人品而特为其专设一榻,去则悬之。于是在王勃的名篇《滕王阁序》中便有了</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">人杰地灵,徐孺下陈蕃之榻</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">这不朽的名句,并且千古传为佳话。陈蕃曾多次赠粮给徐孺子,徐认为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">非自力而不食</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,于是全部转送给贫苦人家。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐孺子谢世后,葬于南昌市进贤门外东潭巷铁树坡旧城壕沟边,后人为纪念这位东汉著名的高士,曾于南昌市内的青山湖畔建徐孺子祠堂,北宋诗人黄庭坚游学南昌期间拜谒徐祠后写道:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">乔木幽人三亩宅, 生刍一束向谁论。藤萝得意干云日, 箫鼓何心进酒樽。白屋可能无孺子, 黄堂不是欠陈蕃。古人冷淡今人笑, 湖水年年到旧痕。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  今南昌市的孺子路、孺子公园、孺子亭、高(士)桥均是以徐稚的字号命名的。 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  【历史】<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  根据据历代修撰的《南昌府志》、《南昌县志》及当代《南昌市地名志》记载证明徐孺子是豫章故郡北沥村人,唐代著名书法家颜真卿在其《豫章北沥徐氏族谱序》中也记载</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">今北沥徐,自西汉审言始,四传而至南州高士讳稚字孺子者</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">,以及范晔的《后汉书·徐稚传》、唐代张九龄的《全唐文》、北宋曾巩的《祭汉徐孺文》以及郦道元的《水经注》等史料都肯定了徐孺子出生于北沥村。关于徐孺子出生地,还有丰城市白土乡隐溪村、南昌市青云谱区徐家坊之说。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  【世说新语】<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  刘义庆《世说新语-言语》所记:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐孺子年九岁,尝月下戏,人语之曰:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">若令月中无物,当极明邪①?</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐曰:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">不然。譬如人眼中有瞳子,无此必不明。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  注释:①若令:如果。物:指人和事物。神话传说月亮里有嫦娥、玉兔、桂树等。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  译文:徐孺子九岁时,有一次在月光下玩耍,有人对他说:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">如果月亮里面什么也没有,会更加明亮吧?</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">徐孺子说:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">不是这样。好比人的眼睛里有瞳仁,没有这个一定看不见。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  【祭徐】<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  明嘉靖年间,陈蕃的嫡裔陈绍儒时隔1400年后,继陈蕃出任南昌知府,他到南昌的第一件事就是拜访了北沥徐村的同族。另外,在明代万历年间,江西提学副使朱廷益决定模仿山东曲阜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">祭孔</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">之例,在江西创立公祀徐孺子的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">祭徐</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">制度,后选定北沥徐家的徐廷臣、徐文华为首任世袭的奉祀人选,由此拉开了官方</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">祭徐</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">活动的序幕,并一直延续到清初。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  【祠堂记】<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  徐孺子祠堂记<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  北宋 曾巩<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  汉元兴以后,政出宦者,小人挟其威福,相煽为恶,中材顾望,不知所为。汉既失其操柄,纪纲大坏。然在位公卿大夫,多豪杰特起之士,相与发愤同心,直道正言,分别是非白黑,不少屈其意,至于不容,而织罗钩党之狱起,其执弥坚,而其行弥励,志虽不就而忠有余。故及其既殁,而汉亦以亡。当是之时,天下闻其风、慕其义者,人人感慨奋激,至于解印绶,弃家族,骨肉相勉,趋死而不避。百余年间,擅强大,觊非望者相属,皆逡巡而不敢发。汉能以亡为存,盖其力也。 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  孺子于时,豫章太守陈蕃、太尉黄琼辟皆不就,举有道,拜太原太守,安车备礼,召皆不至。盖忘己以为人,与独善于隐约,其操虽殊,其志于仁一也。在位士大夫,抗其节于乱世,不以死生动其心,异于怀禄之臣远矣,然而不屑去者,义在于济物故也。孺子尝谓郭林宗曰:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">大木将颠,非一绳所维,何为栖栖不皇宁处?</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">此其意亦非自足于丘壑,遗世而不顾者也。孔子称颜回:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">用之则行,舍之则藏,惟我与尔有是夫。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">孟子亦称孔子:可以进则进,可以止则止,乃所愿则学孔子。而《易》于君子小人消长进退,择所宜处,未尝不惟其时则见,其不可而止,此孺子之所以未能以此而易彼也。 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">  孺子姓徐名稚,孺子其字也,豫章南昌人。按图记:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">章水北径南昌城,西历白社,其西有孺子墓;又北历南塘,其东为东湖,湖南小洲上有孺子宅,号孺子台。吴嘉禾中,太守徐熙于孺子墓隧种松,太守谢景于墓侧立碑。晋永安中,太守夏侯嵩于碑旁立思贤亭,世世修治。至拓跋魏时,谓之聘君亭。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">今亭尚存,而湖南小洲,世不知其尝为孺子宅,又尝为台也。予为太守之明年,始即其处,结茅为堂,图孺子像,祠以中牢,率州之宾属拜焉。汉至今且千岁,富贵堙灭者不可称数。孺子不出闾巷,独称思至今。则世之欲以智力取胜者,非惑欤?孺子墓失其地,而台幸可考而知。祠之,所以示邦人以尚德,故并采其出处之意为记焉。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>

[ 本帖最后由 徐天奎 于 2009-10-2 23:18 编辑 ]

徐天奎 发表于 2009-10-9 14:13

《长沙徐氏家族诗书画印人名略传》

<P>徐东亚发帖</P>
<P>徐氏的姓氏来源比较纯正,主要出自嬴姓。是先帝玄孙伯益之子若木的后裔。伯益因辅佐大禹治水有功,所以封其子若木于徐,建立徐国。徐国的后裔就称为徐氏,以国为姓,代代相传。<BR>长沙徐氏这一支是汉代著名的“南州高士”徐稚(字孺子。江西南昌人,汉桓帝时因不满宦官专权,虽经多次征聘,执意隐居不仕。)的后裔。南北朝时期有著名的文学家徐陵(字孝穆)广开基业。至宋得右散骑常侍徐铉(字鼎臣,《说文解字》校订者)力振家声。明洪武初,其迁湘始祖徐志洪由江西南昌府丰城县,后迁浙江衢州转迁湖南长沙省城驿步门外,之后子孙繁衍,建[徐氏宗祠]于湘春门内东长街(今蔡锷中路徐祠巷八路军驻湘办事处)。“徐氏为长沙名族,人才辈出。又为长沙著名官僚地主家族,人称徐半街。”(章曼纯语)“长沙徐氏世以科第阀阅名于晚清”(张舜徽语)。下列略传为长沙徐氏家族中擅长诗书画印而又有确据可考者,力避攀附之嫌,唯以尊重史实为尚。<BR>徐腾芳(1441——1534)字若云,号香山,邑庠生。少受庭训,十二学诗以能诗名。十四逰于庠,为文如泉涌风发,千百言援笔立就。年二十二中天顺乡壬午科举人。诰授中宪大夫。陕西扶风县知县。广东肇庆太守。明成化间官广东肇庆知府。在职以公恕著称,致仕归里后结硕德名儒为“湘山十老会”,诗酒琴书,岁时燕乐,为湘中名绅。书擅真草,尤精小楷。诗书之泽,至今以道德名誉闻。其行谊声烈,崇祀乡贤祠。长沙府县志列传。著《鹿鸣诗集》若干卷行世。<BR>《湖南通志》《湖南历代人名词典》《同治长沙县志》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐士范(1701——1788)字楷仪,号正亭,长沙人。乾隆十八年举人。湖南辰州府沅陵县教谕。沅人感其教泽立贤祠祀之。工书法,擅诗文。<BR>《湖南书画篆刻家彙傳》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>徐自上(1726——1812)字行健,号明轩,一号湘澜。长沙人,士范子。为人轻财重义。工书,腕力精到,得颜米神骨。<BR>《湖南书画篆刻家彙傳》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>徐光寯(1753——1810)字文峰,自上子,郡增生。工书,力摹欧赵,结构园劲,自成一家。行草兼赵董之胜,大字尤精。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 《湖南书画篆刻家彙傳》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>徐国搢(1778——1863)字子觐,号笏亭,别号绿荫居士,室名绿荫草堂,梅花书屋。腾芳十一世孙,宾上孙,光寯从子,太学生,长沙人。七岁失怙,母罗氏教之读,善先哲经世有用书。以子棻贵,晋封奉政大夫,内阁中书。以孙树铭贵,诰封光禄大夫,内阁学士兼礼部侍郎。公志行峻洁,一介自严,尝构绿荫草堂于西郊,栽梅种竹,鼓琴赋诗,淡如也。富家藏,聚群书,尤多历代明贤真迹。书法独擅行草,风规高秀似晋人。早岁以书名京都,藏家多求其作。所作大都以躬行实践,切于身心者为主,有裨适用者尤所措意。年逾八秩,神气不衰而所作益富。老笔精书,大多寿之金石。有《绿荫堂帖》《绿荫草堂诗集》《梅花诗稿》《徐光禄封翁行草孙吴兵法》等大量手卷、册页、横幅、对联、四条屏、碑刻传世。世称“齐眉夫妇八旬寿,绕膝儿孙一品衣。”<BR>《湖南通志》《同治长沙县志》《湖南书画篆刻家彙傳》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》《徐鑫龄稿》《左宗棠全集》《何绍基•笏亭世丈先生八十寿序》《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐&nbsp; 夔(1803——1879)字俞臣,一号渔城。国搢长子,以子树铭贵,诰封光禄大夫,经筵讲官,工部尚书。平生多蓄古彝器及钟鼎原拓。博闻强记,问无不知。书法米黻兼赵孟頫,好作擘窠大字,势若飞动。处家雍睦,质有其文,乡人效之。教子侄多掇科目。岁饥发藏粟赈流人,全活颇众。乡居恂恂,不入城市,人亦忘其为封翁也。<BR>《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱•俞臣公传》《左宗棠全集•长沙徐君(夔)墓表》<BR>徐&nbsp; 棻(1812——1896)字芸渠,号养性居士,养心居士,国搢子。道光甲午(22岁)科优贡,乙未(23岁)科顺天乡试举人,授内阁中书,辛丑(29岁)科成进士,入翰林,选庶吉士,散馆复官中书,迁起居注主事,六部元外郎。公秉性纯孝,淡于荣利,行为士表,学为儒宗。掌教城南书院、岳麓书院凡二十五年,四方学子云从影附。帝曰:“耆儒硕德,成就后学,可晋三品卿衔。”自公赴鹿鸣,迄光绪甲午科甲子一周,帝命重宴鹿鸣,恩赏二品顶戴,玺书褒美,海内荣之。年逾八十,目力还童,手不释卷。藏书数十万卷,能诗文,能得士,工书法,尽得曦献遗韵,颜米神髓,笔法老健。有《鹿鸣雅韵》《頪璧重賡》及多幅对联、册页、四条屏等墨稿书迹传世。<BR>《同治长沙县志》 《湖南书画篆刻家彙傳》 《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》 《清朝馆选录》 《清故二品顶戴三品卿衔岳麓院长徐公之碑》 《中国书院志》 《湘雅摭残》《左宗棠全集》《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐树滋(1823—1886)字采言,号新茂,长沙徐氏洪公房仁成公次子。工书画,学山水于张石围、王小摩,学花卉于吴野洲,笔墨简雅。书擅古籀,又法砖镜铭文,风格多样。<BR>《中国美术年鉴》《湖南书画篆刻家彙传》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>徐树铭(1824—1900)字伯澄,号寿蘅,又号澂园,澄园,长沙人,国搢孙,夔长子。道光二十七年丁未进士(二十四岁)选庶吉士,授编修。尝从唐鉴、曾国藩学。历官兵部、吏部、工部左右侍郎,福建督学,浙江督学,都察院左都御史,工部尚书。皇清诰授光禄大夫,充经筵讲官,国史馆篡修,朝考阅卷大臣,乡试正考官等职。平生不事积蓄,唯嗜钟鼎书画金石之属,鉴赏考据甚为精赅。书学二王,继杂以苏东坡,后则参之北朝名碑,方笔较多,行楷篆隶各出自家风范。藏书数十万卷,至老勤学不倦,又善诗文,有《澂园诗集》十卷,《约园志》四卷,《浙江纪事诗》《浙江校士录》《澂园尚书遗墨诗册》《诰封太恭人善化张母胡太恭人墓志铭》等。书札,题跋,摩崖石刻,对联,字轴传世尚多。<BR>《清史稿•徐树铭传》《中国美术家人名词典》《中国文学家词典》《宋元明清书画家年表》《湖南历代人名词典》《湖南历代名家书法精粹》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》《湖南省志•文物志》《左宗棠全集》《湖南书画篆刻家彙传》《清诗汇》《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐树锦(1837—1914)字絅卿,号寿鹤,又次鹤。长沙人,棻公次子。同治元年举人,诰授朝议大夫。历任乐山,永川、洪雅等县知县,酉阳、邛州知州,四川乡试同考官等职,工书,兼擅泼墨山水,诗古文词清丽雄健。<BR>《湖南书画篆刻家彙传》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>徐树钧(1842—1910)字衡士,号叔鸿,棻公三子,咸丰七年丁巳举人。诰授资政大夫,二品衔江淮淮阳海兵备道兼按察史,江南道、山西道、京畿道监察御史,布政史,赏戴花翎,户部福建司郎中,军机处行走。以得王献之《鸭头丸帖》真迹而名其室曰宝鸭斋。与徐世昌、李鸿章交游唱酬甚密。收藏金石墨拓、历代名家字画数千种,秦砖汉瓦数百种,书擅各体,作品宏富。篆宗石鼓,隶法蔡中郎,行楷师大令,草法宗二王,尤究心于金石碑版考据之学。《长沙开福寺碑》及“真阿兰若”匾额至今保存完好。著有《续访碑录》《宝鸭斋诗集》《诗馀》《宝鸭斋题跋》《宝鸭斋法帖》《宝鸭斋金石拓存》《淮海咏归》《长郡题名录》等,另有大量碑刻、墓志铭、对联、册页、四条屏、横幅保存在各大博物馆、图书馆、名胜景区及各私人藏家家中。<BR>《湖南通志》《湖南书画篆刻家彙传》《长沙县志》《文史拾遗》《冯庭桂撰徐公墓表》《翰林院庶吉士孔宪教撰徐公行状》《全清词钞》《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐树锷(1846—1912)字定生,一字淀荪,菕长子,棻从子。光绪丙子科优贡,丁丑朝考一等知县,己酉科举人,授赣榆县知县。赏戴花翎,诰授资政大夫。工书。有《六十自述俚吟》《靖港从善育婴堂志》《淀荪诗稿》等传世。<BR>《湖南书画篆刻家彙传》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>徐树埜(1858—1912)原名树圭,字贶生,号寿麒。长沙人,禄熙子,工书法篆法。<BR>《湖南书画篆刻家彙传》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>徐德立(1869—1922)字孟黻,一字孟虎,号石耕,室名石耕山房。树钧长子,邑优廪贡生。光绪己丑科顺天乡试挑取誊录,陕西候补道,历充延长石油会禁烟会所总办,医学堂监督,督办潼关釐金总局。诰授中宪大夫。性耿介,通经史,下笔辄万言无不引经据典。秉承家学,于先秦文学艺事最如指掌。书效二王、欧阳询、薛稷,小楷尤其高古大气,协父淑鸿公考订古碑版文字甚伙,编有《五大家文粹》等传世。<BR>《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐山立(1870—1941)原名锡蕃,字俊庭,别号天龙老人,长沙人,工花卉,学南田,兼善仕女,尝办日新女子美术学校于长沙,自兼画师。<BR>《湖南书画篆刻家彙传》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐崇立(1872—1951)字健石,一字剑石,号兼民,一号瓻园,晚号瓻叟。长沙人。清光绪二十九年举人,次年考取内阁中书。工诗文,善书法,专习魏碑,能以碑法作小楷,又善篆刻,精研金石文字,对碑版考证题跋甚为精赅。楷书苍劲浑厚,名于一时。有《鉴古斋文存》《素心室杂钞》《印丛》《瓻叟印册》《瓻园印编》《岭海雪泥》《徐崇立日记》《五朝绘林神品明清名人字迹集锦》《刘实公(翯)先生墓表》及大量书稿、书法作品、藏书题传世。<BR>《中国历代书画家大词典》《湖南书画篆刻家彙传》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》《湖南历代名家书法精粹》《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐汉立(1873—1929)字永斋,长沙人,树钧三子,郡廪生,遇缺先训导加国子监典簿衔。博通经史,擅诗古文辞,精音律,熟谙京剧各配器,又擅作各体书。尝粥字于京师,设家馆以遣年。子璋本、孙经熊皆清华大学教授。<BR>《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》《徐希靖文革交待材料》<BR>《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐特立(1877—1968),字懋恂。字师陶,又署立华。长沙县五美乡人。尝读六年私塾。于本乡教蒙馆十年。1905年入长沙宁乡速成中学,毕业后在长沙先后任教于周南女中、梨江学校、长沙平民夜校、稻田中学、长沙第一师范等校。1912年买下族兄徐德立、徐汉立房产于长沙荷花池创办长沙师范学校并自任校长。抗日战争爆发后,以八路军高级参谋长的名义任八路军驻湘办事处(原徐氏宗祠)主任。建国后,历任中央人民政府委员、宣传部副部长、中共中央委员等职。为我国教育界著名专家,尤以诗教闻名海内。著有《徐特立教育文选》和《徐特立文集》等传世。<BR>《中国人物》《文化名人》《国魂》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>徐博立(1887—1931)字达臣,号直庵,树钧四子,监生中书科中书,纯孝笃学,通经史,尤精医理,诗词文赋俱佳,书擅楷法,取北碑意蕴而方整化,颇得时名。<BR>《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》《长沙的望族—徐氏》<BR>《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐显立(1888—1970)字明甫,号戊舟,又号篁田居士,晚号楠厅外史,戊公,五公,年如山老人。室名篁田书屋。树钧五子。太学士。五品衔两淮盐知事。富家藏,聚群书,往来皆俊士。自幼随父伯研修经史及程朱理学二十余年,熟谙说文、训诂之学。尝讲习湖南国学馆,长郡、雅礼、艺芳、文艺学堂授古文辞,经历百家杂钞。又于长沙县文献委员会从事出土文物考证鉴定工作,编辑文史资料。后为湖南省人民委员会文史研究馆馆员。工书,尤精楷法,深得羲献赵褚笔意,独出自家风范体势。有《篁田集》《篁田诗钞》《徐戊舟楷书唐五绝》等对联、中堂、条幅、手卷传世。<BR>《湖南省文史研究馆馆员传略》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐桢立(1890—1952)字庚甫,号绍周,一号馀居士。树钧六子。尝得秦权,以宝权颜其室。曾任湖南大学教授,湖大文学系主任,湖南省文献委员会委员。中南军政委员会顾问兼湖南省文物管理委员会委员。平生治学严谨,通经史子集及汉学、古文字学,尤深研宋明儒理之学,诗、书、画、印无不精能,正、草、隶、篆各体兼擅,花卉、人物、山水神形兼备,尤擅临抚古人作品,秀逸雅致。作品宏富。又精于鉴别,兼通古文辞。有《宁远县志》、《馀习盦稿》《馀习盦楷则》《太原李氏开宗衍庆坊颂》《九疑木石吟》《丽辞景旧》《楚刻金景写本》《徐桢立书李训臣暨余太夫人墓志铭》《徐桢立临智永真草千字文》《朱君云轩墓志铭》《郭母周孺人墓志铭》《徐桢立临麓山寺碑》《徐桢立临枯树赋》《徐桢立临李璧碑》《徐桢立临曹全、礼器碑》等大量山水、花鸟、人物、碑刻、对联、扇面、幅条散落民间及多家图书馆、博物馆。<BR>《中国美术家人名辞典》《湖南书画篆刻家彙传》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》《中国印学年鉴》《旧学辑存》《全清词钞》<BR>《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐闳立(1891—1968)字季含,室名读有用书斋,树钧七子。监生同知衔。湖南名老中医。尝在长沙、上海等地悬壶应诊,后为湖南省文物管理委员会委员,湖南省文史研究馆馆员,中国中医研究院西苑医院内科主任兼消化系统研究室顾问。第三届全国人大代表。虽专研医理,造诣精深,仍兼通古文辞,诗文书画无不端庄典雅。书工各体,尤胜楷、隶。画习花鸟,更以芦雁为擅。<BR>《中国中医研究院人物志》《湖南名老中医略传》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》《湖南省文史研究馆馆员传略》《长沙的望族——徐氏》<BR>徐本麟(1882—1848)字荣林,立朝四子。长沙县知事。诗文俱雅。光绪三十二年(1906)撰并书《兴学记》碑文详记长邑高等小学之设,一九八六年五月十六日在长沙师范音乐大楼基建工地发掘出土,保存完好,今藏长沙市博物馆。<BR>《湖南书画篆刻家彙传》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>徐恪本(1914—1979)字希靖,显立长子。幼承庭训,与彭家骙(仲炎)、何泽翰(申甫)同请业于宝权室,承馀习翁亲授诗文书画,历任国文、图画教师凡二十年。书擅楷、隶、画工山水、人物、花鸟,传统功力稳健,诗文清雅,尤深研易理。著有《周易的数学考证》,诗集《杭州吟》,书法集有《徐希靖书千家诗》、《医药三字经》、《徐希靖楷书佛经撰》等传世。画作曾入撰湖南省首届美展。尝以各色漆精绘山水、花鸟于皮箱出口俄国。另有大量画作未及成册即匆匆辞世。民国二十五年丙子公元1936年为叔琴所作山水扇面,今藏湖南省博物馆。<BR>《湖南书画篆刻家彙传》《东海堂长沙徐氏族谱》<BR>徐年本(1959—&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; )字艮如,号承盦,又号年如山人,别署湖湘野逸。长沙人,树钧末孙,显立五子。幼承庭训,得父兄指授诗古文词及书法绘事。尝获藏高祖、伯曾祖、曾祖、伯父祖、祖父、伯父、叔父、家父及家兄之诗、书、画、印原作百十余品,因以名庐曰五世墨香斋。书画传家三百年。诗、书、印作多次参加省内外展览并赴日本展出,为湖南省书法家协会会员,长沙土木建筑学会会员,长沙市篆刻研究会会员,湖南嘤鸣诗社诗刊编辑。湖南广播电视大学人文学院教师。有《五世墨香斋法帖》《湖湘野逸印稿》《五世墨香斋诗文稿》。</P>
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徐东亚 发表于 2009-10-9 16:11

天奎宗亲辛苦啊!请众宗亲积极参与啊!

徐天奎 发表于 2009-10-13 23:34

徐遐生

<P>浙江在线10月10日讯10月7日晚,素有“东方诺贝尔奖”之称的邵逸夫奖在香港会展中心举行颁奖典礼,5位科学家分别获得天文学、生命科学与医学、数学科学三大奖项。华裔科学家徐遐生获天文学奖,他也是获得这一奖项的首位华人科学家。<BR>  徐遐生以恒星形成学说著称于世,他提出了普遍理论框架,解释了观测恒星中发现的多种现象,进一步建立了恒星形成标准模型,其理论也关系到太阳系的起源。<BR>  邵逸夫奖是香港著名实业家邵逸夫资助设立的国际性奖项,被誉为“东方诺贝尔奖”,至今已连续举办6届,目前设有天文学、生命科学与医学、数学科学三大奖项,每项奖金100万美元,旨在表彰在学术研究、科学研究或应用领域取得突破性成果并对人类生活产生深远影响的科学家。<BR>  记者查询了一下,发现徐遐生竟与金华有一些关系。<BR>  徐遐生虽是美国和英国双重国籍,但他的名字却出现在金华徐氏的家谱里。在徐氏家谱的浙江分布图上,显示出徐氏在我省共有三支:“枫林徐氏”、“徐山村徐氏”、“碧莲村徐氏”。其中,徐遐生的名字列在“枫林徐氏”的历代名人录里,身份为“美国天文科学院院士,台湾清华大学校长”。<BR>  枫林位于楠溪江中游东岸,离永嘉县城42公里,与乐清相接,位于永乐古道、永仙古道和永缙古道交会处,群山环抱,曲水西流,素有“枫叶地,称乐土”之称。在五代(907~960)时,徐雷偕弟徐泽自福州霞浦县赤岸葛洪山迁居婺州(今金华)鸡笼山,再迁永嘉县仙居乡屿北。徐氏家族在金华、永嘉不断壮大,成为有名的书香门第。到清末已有千余户,丁壮数千人,并优游于诗书礼义之场,历练于士、农、工、商之途,各有建树。<BR>  这一支的徐氏名人辈出,有永州知州徐自明,太常寺判院徐叔圭,吴县县令徐度,监察御史徐定超,直隶知州徐象藩,国民党九军上校徐象谱,桂林市工商局局长徐象长,美国天文科学院教授、台湾清华大学校长徐遐生等。另一支“碧莲村徐氏”的原籍在东阳,也是子孙繁衍昌盛。<BR>  徐遐生1943年6月2日生,在专业领域享有极高的声誉,是美国哲学学会院士、国家艺术与科学院院士、美国国家科学院院士,还是美国加州大学柏克莱分校讲座教授、荷兰Leiden大学Oort讲座教授,曾获得美国物理和天文学会共同颁发的Heineman奖、美国天文学会的Brouwer奖、美国天文学会的Warner奖。<BR>  徐遐生的父亲徐贤修也是著名的科学家,他1935年毕业于清华大学数学系,后赴美国就读布朗大学,获应用数学博士学位,是中央研究院院士。徐贤修任台湾工业研究院董事长时,曾建议设立了台湾新竹科学工业园,为台湾的现代科技和工业发展作出巨大贡献。1970年,徐贤修被聘为台湾清华大学校长,积极推动台湾数学教育。<BR>  徐遐生虽然没继承父亲的数学事业,选择了天文学,却继承了父亲的职业,后来也担任了台湾清华大学校长。他生于昆明,6岁去了美国,在美国念小学、中学、大学。徐遐生大四时候,在麻省理工学院念书。大四时要写论文,他找了一个指导教授―――林家翘教授。当时天文学家对星系结构的缘由产生了极大好奇,但苦于无法了解。林家翘教授也对这个题目产生兴趣。徐遐生本来是学物理的,不懂天文,于是在林家翘引导下修了一门天文课,然后跟着林教授写论文。两年后发表了一篇介绍密度波和星系旋臂形成关系的论文,成功解释了螺旋星系的结构,成为近40年来天文物理学最重要的理论之一。徐遐生从此也成为国际知名的天文物理学家,有一颗小行星就是以其英文名字(Frank Shu)命名的。<BR>&nbsp;<STRONG><FONT size=6>&nbsp;附:</FONT></STRONG>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </P>
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;枫林徐氏<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 地理位置<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 枫林位于楠溪江中游东岸,公路达永嘉县城42公里东与乐清市岭底乡接壤,南邻花坦乡,西与岩头镇隔江相望,北东皋乡、鹤盛乡。雁荡山脉自东皋乡望海岗向东延伸进入枫林针境内,分为南、中、北三大支脉,中间形成孤山和狮溪,自东向西,汇入楠溪江。枫林自古为楠溪腹地水陆交通中心,位于永乐古道、永仙古道和永缙古道交汇处,群山环抱,曲水西流,向有“枫叶地,称乐土”之称。古有瑶亭御风、芳潭钓雪、狮源曲涧、慥堂晚霞、板桥夜月、湖西归雁、象岩野渡、东岸渔舟、沙堤红叶、东岭松涛等十景。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 家族简介<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 五代(907~960)时,闽主王曦家族内乱,福州、建州间战事频繁,暴骨如莽,徐雷偕弟徐泽因避乱,自福州长溪(今霞浦)县赤岸葛洪山迁居婺州(今金华)鸡笼山,再迁永嘉县仙居乡屿北,开基立业。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 北宋徽宗崇宁三年(1104),屿北瘟疫大作,居民远遁。徐雷七世孙迪功郎徐公承迁居高山(今属鲤溪乡叶坑),徐公曦徙居山藻(今属黄南乡)。徐公仪(1086~1156),字云松,避居枫林双溪头(今黄桥头),执掌黄氏家塾。崇宁五年(1106)春,徐公仪以《咏牡丹》一诗为楠溪巨富柯氏赏识而招为婿,崇德广业,勤劳家室,以昌嗣续。徐公仪定居枫林之后,兼收并蓄当地各大世家的优秀文化,为徐氏家族跻身书香门第之列打下扎实的基础。不数传后,以生以聚,族以滋大。后裔尊徐公仪为枫林始祖,至清末,已有炊烟千余户,丁壮数千人,为一时之极盛,而且散居郡城邻县者,无不派别枝分,翕然成聚,人口之众,为他姓罕有,合族一心,优游于诗书礼义之场,历练于士、农、工、商之途,各有建树。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 至1990年枫林的枫一、枫二、枫三、枫四、枫五、大门台、后山七村,有7731人,外迁88地44村计有46443人。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 历代名人<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐自明:永州知州<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐叔圭:太常寺判院<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐度:吴县县令<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐定超:监察御史<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐象藩:直隶知州<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐象谱:国民党九军上校<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐象长:桂林市工商局局长<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐遐生:美国天文科学院,台湾清华大学校长<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐氏祠堂<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐氏子孙为纪念始祖而建,始建时间不详。民国三十四年(1945),因驻有国民党军政机关而遭日军烧毁。1983年重建。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐山村徐氏<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 地理位置<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐山村位于瓯江中游北岸,梅岙后山峰,古称梅峰山,十里山场,面向瓯江,背靠618米徐山峰,东连下岙中央山村,西接桥下镇山区,北邻土塘镇山区。山高岭峻,山场广阔,由麻坑、垟山、小河山、水江田、长道坦、山龙儿、山院、外山等9个自然村合成。在册357户1367人,现居徐山者仅70户。<BR>家族简介<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐春庵系下第四世孙原名益,字霞峰,生于唐开元二年(714);第五世孙讳燮,字宗华,生于开元七年(719),同游东瓯,登梅山,见群峰四绕,插云凌宵,松竹相映,左右风光,定居于此,繁衍生息,至今传至48代。后裔尊徐春庵为鼻祖,尊徐益为徐山徐氏始祖。由于此地海拔450米高山,属贫瘠山区,土地少,难以营生,子孙代代迁居外地15个村及鹿城市区。<BR>历代名人<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐晓松:解放军理工大学气象学院副院长<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 徐氏祠堂<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 始建于明朝,五间二进二廊十八间的宗祠,中间戏台上檐放五爪,天花板上画戏文,屋脊四角雕塑龙头,占地面积700平方米。内挂徐偃王像,文官到此出轿武官下马,1995年重修。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 碧莲村徐氏<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 地理位置<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 位于国家级风景区楠溪江中游,是永嘉县一个集镇所在地。去地风两个行政村,徐姓居住下村,现改称碧莲村。刘姓居住上村,现改称碧一村。徐姓人口占村人口约95%以上,约3000人。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 家族简介<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 始祖徐龙三,讳希浩。原籍婺州之东阳,有一支派分迁括苍之岩碧,传数世至徐龙三,于宋天圣二年(1024)由括迁居永嘉碧莲西溪。又传十四世至徐仕玉、徐修玉、徐藏玉、徐积玉,分为东西二大房。仕玉、积玉属东房,修玉、藏玉属西房。自后子孙繁衍昌盛,散居于白泉、前岙、上塘、岭后、剩庄、陈章、石田、坑岙氏、马垟、东山、峰山等处。来迁至今980年,传34世。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;徐氏祠堂<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 建于明正统。距今有500余年历史,1925年毁于战火,翌年重建,改木柱为石柱,正殿石柱联对由书法家曾耕西先生书写,戏台石柱联对特邀大书法家马公遇先生大笔挥毫,颇为壮观。解放后建造茶厂,拆除前殿和两廊木料,使之惨遭破坏,1986年重建。</P>
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徐声岁 发表于 2009-10-15 19:56

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